Traffic simulation is a field of research that involves creating computer models to simulate traffic flow and behavior on roads or transportation networks. These simulations are used to study and analyze various aspects of traffic, such as congestion, traffic jams, travel times, and the impact of different transportation policies or infrastructure changes. By simulating traffic conditions in a virtual environment, researchers can test different scenarios and strategies to improve traffic flow, safety, and efficiency on roads. Traffic simulation models can range from simple mathematical models to detailed, highly complex simulations that incorporate real-world data and variables.